Naturalism

Naturalism is an artistic style, especially literary, based on reproducing reality with perfect objectivity and documentary in all its aspects, in the most sublime as the most vulgar. Its leader, theoretician and promoter Émile Zola was the journalist who exposed this theory in the preface to his novel Thérèse Raquin and especially in Le Roman expérimental (1880). From France, Naturalism was spread throughout Europe during the next twenty years adapting to the different national literatures. Naturalism has no will to humans, determined by heredity and environment in which they live.

Positivist determinism as supreme vital order, translated, often in mechanistic fatalism. The naturalist has no will to humans, determined by heredity and environment in which they live. It is influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, who does not value that can not be object of experience, the utilitarianism of Bentham and Stuart Mill, which judges everything according to their usefulness, and the physical evolution of social Darwin and Herbert Spencer, who denies the spirituality of man by denying the divine intervention, and historical materialism of Marx and Engels. In most writings what is intended to reflect the human condition is influenced by three factors: genetic inheritance, the social handicaps (alcoholism, prostitution, poverty, violence) and social and physical environment in which it develops and inserts the individual. That is, what is known in philosophy as determinism. From here comes another important characteristic of Naturalism, a critical (implicitly, as the documentary and scientific value that is intended to give the literature of this type prevents provide their own opinions) to the way the company is incorporated, to ideologies and economic inequities, which are the roots of human tragedies.